What type of vaccinations are there

They create immunity to the parts of the germ that cause a disease instead of the germ itself. That means the immune response is targeted to the toxin instead of the whole germ. Like some other types of vaccines, you may need booster shots to get ongoing protection against diseases.

For decades, scientists studied viral vector vaccines. Some vaccines recently used for Ebola outbreaks have used viral vector technology, and a number of studies have focused on viral vector vaccines against other infectious diseases such as Zika, flu, and HIV. Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a different virus as a vector to deliver protection. Several different viruses have been used as vectors, including influenza, vesicular stomatitis virus VSV , measles virus, and adenovirus, which causes the common cold.

Adenovirus is one of the viral vectors used in some COVID vaccines being studied in clinical trials. Viral vector vaccines are used to protect against:. Did you know that scientists are still working to create new types of vaccines?

Here are 2 exciting examples:. Getting vaccinated is easy. See how vaccines are developed, approved, and monitored. Moderna [ 1 ]. Primary Series 2 doses Given 3 weeks 21 days apart [ 2 ]. Primary Series 2 doses Given 4 weeks 28 days apart [ 2 ].

Additional Recommendations for Immunocompromised People. Also see the different types of COVID vaccines that currently are available or are undergoing large-scale Phase 3 clinical trials in the United States.

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You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. A single vaccine may be enough to give protection.

Replicating viral vectors are typically selected so that the viruses themselves are harmless, or are attenuated, so whilst they are infecting the host, they cannot cause disease. Despite this, as there is still viral replication going on there is an increased chance of mild adverse events reactions with these vaccines.

This vaccine was approved across Europe for use in , and has been used in multiple Ebola outbreaks to protect over 90, people. Non-replicating viral vectors do not retain the ability to make new viral particles during the process of delivering the vaccine antigen to the cell.

This is because key viral genes that enable the virus to replicate have been removed in the lab. This has the advantage that the vaccine cannot cause disease and adverse events associated with viral vector replication are reduced. However, vaccine antigen can only be produced as long as the initial vaccine remains in infected cells a few days. This means the immune response is generally weaker than with replicating viral vectors and booster doses are likely to be required.

A viral vectored vaccine developed to prevent Ebola was licensed for use by the European Medicines Agency in July Medical content reviewed by Professor Andrew Pollard. Please click here to contact us if you have comments about the Vaccine Knowledge website. You should consult your doctor or other healthcare provider if you need specific advice on vaccines for you or your child.

Skip to main content. Search form. Types of vaccine. Whole Pathogen Vaccines The oldest and most well-known method of vaccination is to use the whole disease-causing pathogen in a vaccine to produce an immune response similar to that seen during natural infection.

Live attenuated vaccines used in the UK schedule: Rotavirus vaccine MMR vaccine Nasal flu vaccine Shingles vaccine Chickenpox vaccine special groups only BCG vaccine against TB special groups only Live travel vaccines used in the UK: Yellow fever vaccine Oral typhoid vaccine not the injected vaccine Inactivated Vaccines Inactivated vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been killed or have been altered, so that they cannot replicate.

Recombinant Protein Vaccines Recombinant vaccines are made using bacterial or yeast cells to manufacture the vaccine. This contains proteins from the surface of meningococcal bacteria. Three of the proteins are made using recombinant technology.

Toxoid Vaccines Some bacteria release toxins poisonous proteins when they attack the body, and it is the toxins rather than the bacteria itself that we want to be protected against. Toxoid vaccines used in the UK schedule: Diphtheria vaccine in the 6-in-1 vaccine , pre-school booster , teenage booster and pertussis vaccine in pregnancy Tetanus vaccine in the 6-in-1 vaccine , pre-school booster , teenage booster and pertussis vaccine in pregnancy Pertussis whooping cough vaccine in the 6-in-1 vaccine , pre-school booster and pertussis vaccine in pregnancy.

This contains pertussis toxoid, together with proteins from the surface of the pertussis bacteria. Virus Like Particles Virus-like particles VLPs are molecules that closely resemble viruses, but are non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material. This is a newer vaccine technology so there are few licenced examples: MenB vaccine meningococcal B vaccine Nucleic Acid Vaccines Ever wondered what happens inside your cells when you are infected with a virus?

The answer to these questions can be found in how our cells receive instructions to make proteins. Actually, our cells are a bit like factories Page last updated:.